In Indian cities and towns, public toilets are poorly maintained, not very clean, and insufficiently equipped. Most are inoperable with damaged doors, absent lights, no water, or dirty environment. In some places, there are no toilets at all, particularly in congested public areas such as markets, bus terminals, and parks. This compels individuals—particularly women and girls—to either forego relieving themselves or significantly cut back on water consumption, resulting in health complications like dehydration and urinary infections. The issue becomes worse at night or in isolated areas where the safety of users, especially women, is a key issue. Also, individuals with disabilities are largely excluded because of insufficient accessible toilets, and sanitation workers suffer risky and unhygienic working conditions from inadequate design and missing appropriate equipment. This is not only about inconvenience—public health, dignity, gender safety, and inclusion suffer.